Magnetic seizure therapy is efficacious and well tolerated for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: an open-label clinical trial

Background: Treatment-resistant bipolar depression can be treated effectively using electroconvulsive therapy, but its use is limited because of stigma and cognitive adverse effects. Magnetic seizure therapy is a new convulsive therapy with promising early evidence of antidepressant effects and minimal cognitive adverse effects. However, there are no clinical trials of the efficacy and safety of magnetic seizure therapy for treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Methods: Participants with treatment-resistant bipolar depression were treated with magnetic seizure therapy for up to 24 sessions or until remission. Magnetic seizure therapy was applied over the prefrontal cortex at high (100 Hz; n = 8), medium (50 or 60 Hz; n = 9) or low (25 Hz; n = 3) frequency, or over the vertex at high frequency (n = 6). The primary outcome measure was the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants completed a comprehensive battery of neurocognitive tests. Results: Twenty-six participants completed a minimally adequate trial of magnetic seizure therapy (i.e., ≥ 8 sessions), and 20 completed full treatment per protocol. Participants showed a significant reduction in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Adequate trial completers had a remission rate of 23.1% and a response rate of 38.5%. Per-protocol completers had a remission rate of 30% and a response rate of 50%. Almost all cognitive measures remained stable, except for significantly worsened recall consistency on the autobiographical memory inventory. Limitations: The open-label study design and modest sample size did not allow for comparisons between stimulation parameters. Conclusion: In treatment-resistant bipolar depression, magnetic seizure therapy produced significant improvements in depression symptoms with minimal effects on cognitive performance. These promising results warrant further investigation with larger randomized clinical trials comparing magnetic seizure therapy to electroconvulsive therapy. Clinical trial registration: NCT01596608; clinicaltrials.gov

Autocuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus: reuso e descarte de seringas e agulhas / Autocuidado de personas con diabetes mellitus: reutilizacióny desecho de jeringas y agujas / Self-care of people with mellitus diabetes: reuse and disposal of syringes and needles

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a taxa de reuso de seringas e agulhas e identificar as práticas de descarte de perfurocortantes por usuários de insulina. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com pessoas diagnosticadas com diabetes mellitus tipo II de um Centro de Referência em Diagnóstico e Terapêutica da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foram utilizados dados secundários provenientes de prontuários e fichas de consulta. As diferenças de proporção foram estimadas pelo teste qui-quadrado, considerando-se p<0,05. Resultados: A taxa de reuso de seringas e agulhas foi de 94,9%. Houve alta prevalência do reuso de seringas e agulhas por mulheres, com mais de 60 anos, com tempo de estudo menor do que cinco anos, que possuíam mais de 11 anos de diagnóstico. A maioria dos usuários descartou as agulhas e seringas no lixo domiciliar. Tais dados evidenciam que as práticas de autocuidado realizadas pelas pessoas com DM quanto ao reuso e descarte de perfurocortantes não são seguras e podem favorecer complicações. Conclusão: Apesar das características demográficas e clínicas não terem apresentado associação com o reuso, esforços devem ser direcionados para as práticas de educação em saúde, levando em consideração o contexto da pessoa, a condição socioeconômica, nível de escolaridade e seu papel ativo no seguimento do tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la taza de reutilización de jeringas y agujas e identificar las prácticas de desecho de punzocortantes por usuarios de insulina. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con personas diagnosticadas con diabetes mellitus tipo II de un Centro de Referencia en Diagnóstico y Terapéutica de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Fueron utilizados datos secundarios provenientes de registros médicos y fichas de consulta. Las diferencias de proporción fueron analizadas por la prueba de chi-cuadrado, considerándose p<0,05. Resultados: la taza de reutilización de jeringas y agujas fue de 94,9%. Hubo alta prevalencia de la reutilización de jeringas y agujas por mujeres, con más de 60 años, con tiempo de estudio menor que cinco años, que poseían más de 11 años de diagnóstico. La mayoría de los usuarios descartólas agujas y jeringas en la basura domiciliaria. Tales datos evidencian que las prácticas de autocuidado realizadas por las personas con DM respecto a la reutilización y desecho de punzocortantes no son seguras y pueden favorecer complicaciones. Conclusión: Aunque las características demográficas y clínicas no hayan presentado asociación con la reutilización, esfuerzos deben ser dirigidos para las prácticas de educación en salud, teniendo en cuenta el contexto de la persona, la condición socioeconómica, el nivel de escolaridad y su rol activo en el sector del tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the rate of reuse of syringes and needles and identify the practices of disposal of sharps by insulin users. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted with people diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus at a Reference Center for Diagnosis and Therapy in the Midwest region of Brazil. Secondary data from medical records and consultation forms were used. Differences in proportions were estimated by the chi-square test, considering p < 0.05. Results: The rate of reuse of syringes and needles was 94.9%. There was a high prevalence of reuse of syringes and needles by women, people aged over 60 years, with less than five years of schooling, and more than 11 years of diagnosis. Most users discarded needles and syringes in domestic waste. Thus, self-care practices of people with DM regarding the reuse and disposal of sharps are not safe and may favor complications. Conclusion: Althoughdemographic and clinical characteristics had no association with reuse, efforts should be directed towards health education practices, taking into account the person's context, socioeconomic condition, educational level, and active role in the follow-up treatment.